How energy-efficient is the european-style box substationin terms of minimizing losses during power distribution?

The energy efficiency of a European-style box substation in terms of minimizing losses during power distribution is influenced by several factors, including its design, the components used, and how well it is maintained. 
High-Efficiency Transformers: European-style box substations typically use modern, high-efficiency transformers that are designed to minimize energy losses during voltage conversion. The energy losses in transformers are primarily caused by two factors: core losses (hysteresis and eddy current losses) and copper losses (resistive losses in the windings). High-efficiency transformers use advanced materials such as low-loss steel for the core and copper or aluminum conductors that reduce resistive losses.
Oil-Immersed vs. Dry-Type Transformers: Oil-immersed transformers generally offer better cooling, allowing for higher efficiency at larger power levels. Dry-type transformers, while safer and maintenance-free, tend to be less efficient in certain situations but can be more efficient in smaller or indoor applications.
Optimized Load Distribution: Modern box substations are often equipped with load management systems that optimize the distribution of power across the network, reducing losses due to overloading or underutilization of equipment. By balancing the load across the substation, losses are minimized, and the substation operates closer to its optimal efficiency.
Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR): Many substations include automatic voltage regulation systems that adjust voltage levels to ensure that they are maintained at the optimal level. This helps prevent voltage drop, which can lead to energy losses in the distribution network.
Compact and Optimized Layout: One of the features of European-style box substations is their compact and efficient design, which reduces the length of wiring and cables required for the distribution of electricity. By minimizing the distance over which electrical power is transmitted within the substation, transmission losses are reduced.
Underground or Cabling Design: The cabling in European-style substations is often designed with low-resistance, high-conductivity materials like copper or aluminum, which reduces losses during power distribution. Additionally, many substations are installed with underground cabling for improved efficiency and safety, reducing the risk of energy loss due to weather or environmental conditions.
Cooling Efficiency: Proper cooling of transformers and other equipment is critical to maintaining high efficiency. Box substations use cooling methods that include natural air cooling, oil cooling, or forced-air cooling systems. The oil-immersed transformers in particular can have better cooling performance, reducing losses due to overheating. This helps ensure the substation operates at peak efficiency even during high-load periods.
Cooling Management Systems: Some advanced substations incorporate cooling management systems that regulate cooling based on real-time temperature monitoring, ensuring that energy is not wasted by overcooling components.
Substation Location and Load Centers: European-style box substations are often designed to be located closer to the point of use (such as urban areas, residential complexes, or industrial zones), minimizing transmission losses that would otherwise occur over long distances from traditional centralized substations.
High-Voltage Transmission: In larger European substations, the use of high-voltage transmission lines reduces losses in the distribution process. These systems use transformers to step up the voltage to high levels, reducing the current and hence minimizing the I²R losses (which are proportional to the square of the current).